What is an ORM? Benefits and pitfalls for freshers.

ORM trade-offs

For What is an ORM? Benefits and pitfalls for freshers., interviewers listen for a crisp definition, how the pieces interact in a real system, and one trade-off or failure mode you have seen or would guard against.

• Pros: productivity, less SQL injection if parameterized, migrations.
• Cons: N+1 queries, leaky abstraction, heavy joins hidden.