Explain compile-time vs runtime polymorphism with examples.

Compile-time vs runtime polymorphism

Compile-time (static): method overloading—compiler picks signature by argument types. Runtime (dynamic): method overriding—virtual dispatch calls the object's actual class method.

void print(int x) { }      // overload
void print(String s) { }

Animal a = new Dog();
a.speak(); // runtime — Dog.speak()

• Overloading: same name, different parameters—resolved at compile time.
• Overriding: subclass replaces parent method—needs compatible signature + @Override.